chloridation

Chloridation is a chemical process that involves the introduction of chlorine atoms into a molecule or compound. This can occur through various methods, including direct reaction with elemental chlorine, or through the use of chlorine-containing reagents. The specific conditions and reagents employed depend on the substrate and the desired outcome.

In organic chemistry, chloridation is a common reaction used to synthesize chlorinated organic compounds. These compounds have diverse applications, ranging from solvents and polymers to pharmaceuticals and pesticides. For example, the chlorination of methane can produce chloromethane, dichloromethane, and chloroform, each with distinct uses.

In metallurgy, chloridation is used in the extraction and purification of certain metals. For instance, it can be employed in the refining of titanium or aluminum. The process typically involves reacting the metal or its oxide with chlorine gas at elevated temperatures. This converts the metal into a volatile metal chloride, which can then be separated and reduced back to the pure metal.

In water treatment, chloridation refers to the addition of chlorine or chlorine-containing compounds to water to disinfect it. Chlorine acts as a powerful oxidizing agent, killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. This process is crucial for public health, preventing the spread of waterborne diseases. The amount of chlorine added is carefully controlled to ensure effective disinfection without creating harmful byproducts.