cephalosporiinien

Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. They are derived from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. Cephalosporins work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, which ultimately leads to the death of the bacteria. They are typically administered orally or intravenously.

The cephalosporin class is broadly categorized into five generations, with each generation generally exhibiting broader spectrum activity against different types of bacteria. First-generation cephalosporins are most effective against Gram-positive bacteria, while later generations are more potent against Gram-negative bacteria and some anaerobic bacteria. Examples of commonly used cephalosporins include cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime.

Cephalosporins are prescribed for infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and meningitis. While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects can include allergic reactions (ranging from rash to anaphylaxis), gastrointestinal disturbances (like nausea and diarrhea), and in rare cases, more serious adverse effects. Individuals with a known allergy to penicillin may also be allergic to cephalosporins, although the cross-reactivity rate is relatively low. Resistance to cephalosporins can develop in bacteria, necessitating careful prescribing practices and monitoring of treatment effectiveness.