centroszómában

The centrosome is a cellular organelle found in animal cells and some lower plant forms, acting as the main microtubule-organizing center. It is typically located near the nucleus. The centrosome plays a crucial role in cell division, specifically in the formation of the mitotic spindle, which segregates chromosomes. It is also involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton and the formation of cilia and flagella.

Structurally, the centrosome consists of two centrioles arranged perpendicularly to each other, surrounded by a protein matrix called the pericentriolar material. Each centriole is a cylinder composed of nine triplets of microtubules. During the cell cycle, the centrosome duplicates. One centrosome remains in its position, while the other moves to the opposite pole of the cell, establishing the poles of the mitotic spindle.

In non-dividing cells, centrosomes are involved in organizing microtubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm, contributing to cell shape and intracellular transport. The precise regulation of centrosome duplication and function is vital for maintaining genomic stability. Defects in centrosome number or function are associated with various diseases, including cancer. The study of centrosomes is a significant area in cell biology research.