centrosomin

Centrosomin is a conserved protein primarily found in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) and other insects, where it plays a critical role in centrosome function and spindle assembly during cell division. It belongs to a family of proteins associated with centrosome maturation, microtubule organization, and mitotic spindle formation. Centrosomin is a key component of the pericentriolar material (PCM), the amorphous matrix surrounding centrioles within the centrosome.

Structurally, centrosomin features specific domains that facilitate its localization and interactions within the centrosome, including coiled-coil regions that support protein-protein interactions. Its presence is essential for the recruitment of other centrosomal proteins and for enhancing microtubule nucleation capacity. During mitosis, centrosomin helps organize the bipolar spindle, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation.

Genetic studies have shown that loss or mutation of the centrosomin gene results in abnormal spindle formation, leading to errors in cell division, such as monopolar spindles or disorganized microtubules, which can cause developmental defects or cell death. Its functions are highly conserved across species, though its structure and specific interactions vary.

Research on centrosomin has provided broader insights into centrosome biology, cell cycle regulation, and the mechanisms underlying microtubule network formation. These findings have implications for understanding cell division errors that can lead to diseases like cancer and congenital disorders related to centrosome duplication abnormalities.

In summary, centrosomin is a vital centrosomal protein that orchestrates microtubule organization and spindle assembly, ensuring proper cell division and genomic stability in dividing cells.