centralització

Centralització refers to the process or tendency of concentrating power, functions, or administration in a single authority or location. This can manifest in various contexts, including political systems, organizational structures, and even economic activities. In politics, a centralized government typically holds most of the decision-making power at the national level, with regional or local authorities having limited autonomy. This contrasts with federal or decentralized systems where power is shared among different levels of government.

In organizations, centralization often means that decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the hierarchy. This can lead to quicker decisions and greater control, but may also stifle innovation and reduce responsiveness to local needs. Conversely, decentralization distributes decision-making power throughout the organization, potentially increasing employee engagement and flexibility.

Economically, centralization can involve the concentration of industries or resources in specific areas, or the control of key economic levers by a central body. This can sometimes lead to economies of scale but also raises concerns about regional disparities and market manipulation. The degree of centralization can vary significantly, and different systems may employ a mix of centralized and decentralized approaches to achieve specific goals. The choice between centralization and decentralization often involves a trade-off between efficiency, control, responsiveness, and equity.