catabólicas

Catabólicas refers to metabolic processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. These reactions are essential for life, providing the body with the fuel it needs to perform all its functions, from muscle movement to thinking. In essence, catabolism is the "breaking down" phase of metabolism.

A prime example of a catabolic process is cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose, a simple sugar, is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the primary energy currency of cells, powering a vast array of cellular activities. Other catabolic pathways include the breakdown of fats (lipolysis) into fatty acids and glycerol, and the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. These simpler components can then be used for energy or as building blocks for new molecules.

Catabolic reactions are typically exergonic, meaning they release energy. This released energy is often captured in the form of ATP, which can then be used to drive anabolic processes – the building up of complex molecules – or to perform work. The balance between catabolism and anabolism is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and overall health. Disruptions in these pathways can lead to various metabolic disorders.