carboxylgrupper

Carboxylgrupper, also known as carboxyl groups, are functional groups in organic chemistry with the general formula COOH. This group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH). Carboxyl groups are acidic due to the ability of the hydroxyl hydrogen to dissociate as a proton, forming a carboxylate anion (COO⁻). This makes compounds containing carboxyl groups classified as carboxylic acids.

The presence of a carboxyl group significantly influences the properties of a molecule. It increases polarity and hydrogen bonding capabilities, leading to higher melting and boiling points compared to similar molecules without the group. It also imparts water solubility. Carboxylic acids are weak acids, meaning they do not fully dissociate in water. Their acidity is influenced by the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature of other substituents on the carbon chain.

Carboxyl groups are fundamental building blocks in many biological molecules, most notably amino acids, which form proteins. They are also found in fatty acids, which are components of lipids. In industry, carboxylic acids and their derivatives are used in the production of polymers, plastics, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Common examples include acetic acid (vinegar), citric acid (found in citrus fruits), and formic acid (produced by ants). The reactivity of the carboxyl group allows for various chemical transformations, such as esterification and amide formation, which are crucial in organic synthesis.