captopriil

Captopril is an oral medication used primarily to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and congestive heart failure. It belongs to the class of drugs known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. By inhibiting the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, captopril causes vasodilation, which reduces blood pressure and decreases the workload on the heart.

Captopril was the first ACE inhibitor introduced into clinical practice and was approved for medical use in the early 1980s. Its chemical structure is characterized by a sulfhydryl group, which distinguishes it from other ACE inhibitors.

Common indications for captopril include management of hypertension, treatment of heart failure, and prevention of kidney damage in diabetic patients. It may also be used following myocardial infarction to improve survival.

The medication is typically administered orally, with dosing varying according to the condition being treated. Common side effects include cough, elevated blood potassium levels, low blood pressure, dizziness, and headache. Serious but rare adverse effects can include angioedema (swelling beneath the skin) and renal impairment.

Captopril's use requires caution in patients with a history of angioedema, renal impairment, or hyperkalemia. It is contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus.

Drug interactions may occur with other medications like diuretics, potassium supplements, and other antihypertensives. Proper monitoring of blood pressure, kidney function, and electrolyte levels is recommended during therapy.

Overall, captopril remains an important medication in the management of cardiovascular and renal conditions, valued for its effectiveness and proven benefits.