capillaryelektroforeesia

Capillary electrophoresis is a separation technique used in analytical chemistry. It employs an electric field to separate ions and molecules based on their charge and size. The process takes place within a narrow, fused-silica capillary tube filled with an electrolyte solution. When a high voltage is applied across the capillary, ions in the sample mixture migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. The rate of migration is dependent on the electrophoretic mobility of each species, which is a function of its charge-to-size ratio. Neutral molecules are not directly separated by electrophoresis but can be detected by techniques such as indirect UV detection. Factors influencing separation include buffer pH, ionic strength, temperature, and applied voltage. Different modes of capillary electrophoresis exist, including capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), and capillary isotachophoresis (ITP), each offering unique separation mechanisms. CE is a versatile technique with applications in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and biochemical research due to its high efficiency, speed, and low sample consumption.