caliphatesUmayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate was the first Islamic caliphate, established in 661 CE by Muawiya I, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. It was named after the Umayyad clan, which was part of the Quraysh tribe. The caliphate was based in Damascus, Syria, and its territory extended from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to Central Asia in the east. The Umayyad Caliphate is notable for its expansion of the Islamic empire, particularly under the rule of Caliph Umar II, who conquered North Africa and parts of Spain.
The Umayyad period is marked by significant cultural and architectural achievements. The Dome of the Rock in
The Umayyad Caliphate lasted for approximately 90 years before being overthrown by the Abbasids. Despite its