calibrarea

Calibrarea (calibration) is the process of aligning measurements produced by an instrument with a reference standard of known accuracy, in order to reduce measurement error and ensure data quality. It establishes traceability to recognized standards, typically at national or international levels, and defines the measurement uncertainty associated with the instrument’s readings. Calibrations are performed across defined ranges and conditions to maintain performance over the instrument’s useful life.

The procedure typically involves selecting an appropriate reference standard, recording the instrument’s response, calculating correction factors or adjustments, applying them if needed, and documenting the results. After adjustment, validation measurements may be performed to confirm that the instrument meets the specified performance criteria. Calibration certificates or reports accompany calibrated equipment, detailing the methods, standards, environmental conditions, and uncertainty estimates.

Calibrarea distinguishes from verification (checking that instruments are still within tolerance) and from adjustment (the act of changing the instrument to correct bias). It can be manual or automated, static or dynamic, and is used in laboratories, manufacturing, healthcare, and any field relying on precise measurement. Common examples include calibrating thermometers, balances, electrical meters, scales, pressure transducers, and optical equipment.

Quality systems and accreditation, such as ISO/IEC 17025, require traceable calibration practices and documented uncertainty budgets to demonstrate competence and reliability. Regular calibration helps ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, improves process control, and supports data integrity in research and production.