calcánea

Calcánea refers to the heel bone, the largest bone in the human foot. It is also known as the os calcis. This bone forms the posterior part of the foot and articulates superiorly with the talus bone and anteriorly with the cuboid bone. The calcaneus plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, absorbing shock during activities like walking, running, and jumping. Its prominent posterior projection, the calcaneal tuberosity, serves as the insertion point for the Achilles tendon, which is vital for plantarflexion of the ankle.

The calcaneus is composed of spongy bone internally, providing a lightweight yet strong structure. Its outer surface is covered by a thin layer of compact bone. The bone is subject to various conditions, including calcaneal spurs, which are bony outgrowths that can cause heel pain, and calcaneal fractures, often resulting from high-impact injuries. The shape and integrity of the calcaneus are essential for proper foot mechanics and overall mobility. The blood supply to the calcaneus comes from branches of the posterior tibial artery. Its development is a complex process that begins in fetal life and continues through adolescence.