calcipotriol

Calcipotriol, also known as calcipotriene, is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3 used topically to treat plaque psoriasis. It acts by binding to the vitamin D receptor in skin cells, reducing keratinocyte proliferation and promoting differentiation, and by modulating local immune responses in psoriatic plaques. It is approved for the topical treatment of stable plaque psoriasis of the skin in adults and, in some regions, for pediatric use. It is available as topical ointment, solution, and foam, commonly at a strength of about 50 micrograms per gram. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with topical corticosteroids; fixed-dose combinations with betamethasone are widely prescribed for enhanced efficacy and tolerability.

Administration and dosing: apply a thin layer to affected areas once or twice daily, taking care to avoid extensive application and sensitive sites such as mucous membranes, the face, or skin folds unless directed. Treatment duration is guided by response and tolerability. Patients should minimize sun exposure on treated skin.

Adverse effects and precautions: adverse effects are typically local and include burning, stinging, itching, or redness at the application site. Systemic hypercalcemia is rare but possible, especially with large surface-area use or concomitant calcium or vitamin D supplementation. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to calcipotriol or other vitamin D analogues; use with caution in disorders of calcium metabolism or significant renal impairment.

Summary: calcipotriol is a topical vitamin D analogue used for plaque psoriasis, primarily as monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids, with attention to potential local reactions and rare systemic calcium-related effects.