büntetend

Büntetend is a linguistic form related to the Hungarian verb büntetni, which means “to punish.” In standard Hungarian, the relevant adjective/participial form is büntetendő, meaning “to be punished” or “punishable,” and it is used to describe acts or situations that may incur punishment.

Form and etymology: The sequence büntetend- represents the stem used to form the gerundive/participial ending in Hungarian. The familiar suffix -ő yields büntetendő, the common form meaning “punishable” or “to be punished.” The root büntet- comes from büntetni, while related nouns include büntetés (“punishment”) and büntető (“punitive” as an adjective).

Usage: Büntetend as a standalone form is not standard in modern Hungarian and is mainly encountered in linguistic descriptions of the verb paradigm or in historical/serious editing contexts. In everyday use, büntető and büntetendő are the typical forms. Büntető is commonly used as “punitive” or “penal,” as in büntető jogi eljárás (penal legal procedure).

Examples:

- A jog szerint ez a cselekedet büntetendő. (“According to the law, this act is punishable.”)

- Büntetendő cselekmények esetén szigorú szankciók alkalmazhatók. (“In cases of punishable acts, strict sanctions may be applied.”)

See also: büntető, büntetés, büntetőeljárás, participial forms in Hungarian grammar.

Notes: While büntetendő is widely used, büntetend without the final ő is rare and largely confined to linguistic discussion or historical texts.