butan1ol

Butan1ol, also known as butanol or butyl alcohol, is a four-carbon alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O. It is classified as an aliphatic alcohol and exists in several isomeric forms, with the most common being n-butanol (1-butanol), isobutanol (2-methyl-1-propanol), sec-butanol (2-butanol), and tert-butanol (2-methyl-2-propanol). Among these, n-butanol is the primary isomer used in industrial applications.

n-Butanol appears as a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor. It is soluble in water to a limited extent and miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and ether. Its boiling point is approximately 117.7°C, and it has a density of around 0.81 g/mL at room temperature.

Butan1ol is produced primarily through two methods: fermentation of biomass (bio-based production) and chemical synthesis via the hydroformylation of propylene followed by hydrogenation. It serves as an important industrial solvent and intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, coatings, and dyes. It also functions as a component in the production of butyl acetate and other esters.

Due to its relatively low toxicity compared to other alcohols, butan1ol is used in various formulations, though exposure levels are regulated because of its potential health effects, which include irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.

Overall, butan1ol plays a significant role in the chemical industry as a versatile solvent and precursor to many products, with ongoing research into sustainable production methods aligning with environmental considerations.