bulkfluidbevegelse
Bulkfluidbevegelse describes the macroscopic transport of a fluid as a continuous medium, driven by pressure differences, gravity, or external forces, and observed at length scales large compared with molecular spacing. It contrasts with molecular diffusion, which arises from random molecular motion and operates on much smaller scales. In engineering and geoscience, bulk movement is analyzed using the laws of continuum mechanics. In Norwegian-language sources, the term bulkfluidbevegelse is sometimes used to refer to this concept.
In Newtonian incompressible flows, the flow field is governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. For simple steady,
In porous media, bulk movement is often described by Darcy's law, q = - (k / μ) ∇P, where q
Key quantities include the volumetric flow rate Q, mean velocity, and pressure distribution. Measurement techniques range
Applications span water supply, wastewater treatment, chemical processing, heat exchangers, and environmental hydrology. Limitations arise in