buharotoklav

Buharotoklav, also known as the **Bulgarian steam bath**, is a traditional type of public bathhouse historically prevalent in Bulgaria. The name derives from the Bulgarian words *бухар* (*buhar*), meaning "steam," and *токла* (*tokla*), referring to the steam room or sauna. These bathhouses were central to social, cultural, and communal life in Bulgarian villages and towns for centuries.

Buharotoklavs typically consisted of several interconnected rooms, including a steam room (*tokla*), a cold plunge pool (*stena*), and often a relaxation or gathering area. The steam was generated using a stone-heated boiler (*tokla*), which was fueled by wood or coal. Water was poured over the hot stones to create a humid, hot environment, promoting relaxation and cleansing. The cold plunge pool provided a contrast to the heat, believed to invigorate the body.

These bathhouses served multiple purposes beyond hygiene. They were social hubs where people gathered to converse, play games, or engage in communal activities. In some cases, they also held religious or cultural significance, particularly during festivals or rituals. The tradition of buharotoklavs declined in the 20th century due to urbanization, the rise of modern bathhouses, and changing lifestyles, though remnants of the tradition persist in rural areas.

Today, buharotoklavs are largely a historical curiosity, though some heritage sites and cultural organizations work to preserve their legacy. The experience of a traditional buharotoklav reflects a blend of practicality, social bonding, and cultural heritage, offering insight into Bulgaria’s past bathing and communal customs.