bombcyclogenesis

Bombcyclogenesis refers to the rapid intensification of a mid-latitude cyclone, typically described as explosive cyclogenesis or bombogenesis. By meteorological convention, it is defined as a decrease of the cyclone’s central surface pressure by at least 24 millibars within 24 hours. This threshold distinguishes ordinary deepening from explosive development and is most common in winter in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, where strong jet streams and pronounced baroclinic zones provide the energy for rapid intensification.

The process is driven by a combination of upper-level dynamics and surface conditions. A strong approaching trough and pronounced upper-level divergence promote deepening, while moist warm air advection, ample low-level moisture, and favorable sea-surface temperatures support further intensification. Interactions with frontal boundaries, coastal topography, and ocean heat content can enhance the rate of pressure falls. As the cyclone intensifies, intense winds, heavy precipitation, and rapid changes in weather can accompany the developing system.

Impacts can include blizzard conditions, heavy snowfall or rain, strong winds, and coastal flooding from storm surge or high tides, depending on the track and season. Because development can occur rapidly, forecasting challenges exist, though modern numerical models and data assimilation improve lead times for warnings and preparedness.

The term bombcyclogenesis captures a specific class of fast-deepening mid-latitude storms. The more formal meteorological term is explosive cyclogenesis; “bomb” is a colloquial descriptor widely used in media and research discussions.