boicots

Boicots are organized refusals to purchase, use, or engage with goods, services, organizations, or governments as a form of protest or pressure. They are a nonviolent tactic intended to influence practices, policies, or norms by reducing the target’s support or revenue.

The term in English is boycotts, and the practice dates from the 19th century, named after Captain Charles Boycott in Ireland. In French, the plural is boicots, and the concept is discussed in political science and social activism. Similar terms exist in many languages to describe collective abstention as a political tactic.

Boicots can take several forms, including consumer boycotts (avoiding products or brands), labor or supplier boycotts (refusing to work with certain companies), and geopolitical or sanctions-style campaigns targeting national policies. Campaigns may be organized through public outreach, shareholder actions, or online networks, and can target a single entity or an entire sector.

Notable examples include the Montgomery Bus Boycott in the United States during 1955–1956, which contributed to civil rights advances; global boycotts associated with the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa; and various contemporary campaigns addressing human rights or environmental concerns through consumer or investor pressure.

Effectiveness varies and is debated. Proponents argue that boicots can affect decision-making, raise awareness, and signal moral or political legitimacy. Critics warn that they can harm workers in supply chains, oversimplify complex issues, or backfire if they lack broad support. Ethical considerations include the rights of workers, the availability of alternatives, and the broader social impact.