biopolyesterien

Biopolyesterien, or biopolyesters, are a class of polymers characterized by ester linkages and derived from renewable resources or designed to degrade in the environment. The term covers polymers that are biobased, biodegradable, or both. In practice, many biopolyesters are produced by fermentation of sugar-based feedstocks or by chemical synthesis from monomers obtained from renewable sources, followed by polymerization.

Prominent examples include polylactic acid (PLA), produced from lactic acid derived from carbohydrate feedstocks, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a family of polyesters synthesized by bacteria. Other widely used biopolyesters include polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT). Polycaprolactone (PCL) is another biodegradable option often used in blends. PLA is widely employed in packaging and additive manufacturing, PHAs are valued for high biocompatibility and broad biodegradability, while PBS and PBAT offer flexible processing and good compostability. The biobased or biodegradable character of these polymers varies by type and production route.

Processing and properties vary among biopolyesters. They can be melted and processed by extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and film formation, similar to conventional polyesters. Mechanical and thermal properties can range from rigid and heat-sensitive (as with PLA) to more flexible (as with PBAT or PBS). Biopolyesters may require blending or copolymerization to achieve targeted performance for specific applications.

End-of-life considerations are central to the biopolyester concept. Many biopolyesters are designed for industrial composting under standards such as EN 13432 or ASTM D6400, while some can degrade in soil or aquatic environments. Recycling options exist but can be challenged by feedstock variability and contamination with non-biodegradable polymers. Lifecycle assessments emphasize advantages such as reduced fossil resource use and potential emissions savings when managed within appropriate waste infrastructures.