bioekonomian

Bioekonomian refers to the multidisciplinary field focused on the sustainable production and use of biological resources for economic activity. It combines life sciences, biotechnology, economics, and policy analysis to create value from biomass drawn from agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and organic wastes. The aim is to develop technologies, business models, and governance frameworks that support growth while protecting environmental and social standards.

Core concepts include biorefineries that convert biomass into fuels, chemicals, materials, food, and health products; and the circular economy approach, which seeks to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency. The field covers sectors such as agriculture and food, industrial biotech, biomaterials, bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, and environmental services.

Policy and planning play a central role. Many governments and the European Union have adopted national or regional bioeconomy strategies, supported by research funding, innovation programs, and regulatory measures intended to ensure sustainability. Metrics commonly used include biomass use, economic value added, employment, and environmental indicators from life cycle assessment.

Potential benefits cited include reduced dependence on fossil resources, rural development, and new jobs in high-technology industries. Challenges include competition for biomass with food and land use, ensuring biodiversity and climate safeguards, technology readiness, and governance complexities related to intellectual property and public acceptance.