biblos

Biblos, also spelled Byblos, is a historic city in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast about 40 kilometers north of Beirut. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with evidence of settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. The ancient city forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Ancient City of Byblos.

The name Byblos derives from its long association with the ancient trade networks of the region. The city was a major Phoenician port involved in the export of papyrus to Egypt, and the Greek name Byblos reflects that role. The Greek word biblos (or biblion) came to be associated with books or scrolls, a link that influenced the later use of the term biblos as a root for words meaning book in many languages, and contributed to the English word Bible.

Historically, Biblos was a central Phoenician trading center and a hub for the spread of the Phoenician alphabet, which influenced writing systems around the Mediterranean. Archaeological remains span Phoenician, Greek, Roman, and medieval periods, including the Temple of Baalat Gebal (Lady of Byblos), the ancient harbor, and various fortifications and structures that line the coastline.

In modern times, Biblos is renowned for its well-preserved old town, harbor, and archaeological sites. The Crusader fortress, narrow streets, and sea-front promenade reflect the city’s layered history. It remains a popular destination for heritage tourism and hosts cultural events that highlight its long-standing cultural significance.