Beirut

Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon, located on the Mediterranean coast. It forms the economic, political, and cultural heart of the country. The Greater Beirut area has an approximate population of around 2 million people and is known for its ethnic and religious diversity.

Beirut's history stretches back to the Phoenician era, with evidence of settlement around 2500 BCE. It was known as Berytus in classical times and grew as a major Roman trading center, renowned for its law school. Over the centuries it passed through Arab, Crusader, Ottoman, and French administration.

In the 20th century Beirut became Lebanon's leading city and a regional hub. The civil wars from 1975 to 1990 caused extensive damage and led to postwar reconstruction. In 2005 the Cedar Revolution and in 2020 the devastating port explosion drew international attention.

Today Beirut is Lebanon's financial and cultural capital, with universities such as the American University of Beirut and Saint Joseph University. The city hosts museums, theaters, and festivals, and features diverse neighborhoods, historic sites, and a vibrant culinary scene.

Beirut lies on a natural harbor at the edge of the Mount Lebanon range. It has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, and serves as a gateway for tourism and commerce along the Lebanese coast.