bibliyografya

Bibliyografya, or bibliography, is a systematically organized listing of sources related to a specific topic. In Turkish academic usage, bibliyografya denotes the compilation of books, articles, and other materials consulted or cited in the course of research, often appearing at the end of a work. A bibliography may serve several purposes: guiding readers to sources, documenting the scope of research, and reflecting the scholarly conversation surrounding a topic.

There are several types of bibliographies. A general bibliography collects sources on a broad topic; a subject bibliography focuses on a particular discipline or field; a works cited or references list includes only items cited in the text; and an annotated bibliography adds a concise summary and critical appraisal of each entry. Annotated entries may discuss relevance, reliability, and perspective.

Typical entries include bibliographic metadata: author(s), title, edition (if relevant), place of publication, publisher, year, and page numbers. For online sources, a URL or DOI may be provided, along with access date when required by a style guide. Bibliographies are compiled in accordance with citation conventions such as APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard, and may be managed with software tools like Zotero or EndNote.

In the digital age, bibliographies are increasingly found in databases, institutional repositories, and digital libraries, and they may be linked to full texts. They support transparency, reproducibility, and scholarly credibility. See also references, citations, and annotation as related concepts.