bibir

Bibir is the common Indonesian and Malay term for the lips, the pair of fleshy folds that frame the mouth. The word also extends to the edge or rim of openings and to geographic features such as the banks of a river (bibir sungai) or crater rim, in figurative or descriptive contexts.

Anatomy and function: Each lip comprises outer skin, the vermilion border, and inner mucous membrane, overlying the orbicularis oris muscle. The lips contain glands and nerves, and their color comes from vascular tissue beneath a thin keratinized surface. They play a key role in articulation, swallowing, sealing food, and expressing emotions.

Variations and development: Lips vary in size, shape, and color among individuals and across populations. Lip shape can be influenced by genetics, age, and environmental exposure. Lip prints are sometimes used in forensic identification.

Health and care: Lips are susceptible to dryness and cracking, known as chapped lips, often from dehydration, wind, or sun exposure. Angular cheilitis affects the corners of the mouth. Cold sores caused by herpes simplex virus may appear on the lips (herpes labialis). Protective measures include hydration, protective lip balms, and sun protection.

In cultural use, lips are a focus of beauty rituals and cosmetics, including lipstick and lip care products. The term bibir is also used metaphorically for the edge or rim of a structure, such as the rim of a crater.