bevis

Bevis is the term used in Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish to denote proof or evidence. In English, bevis translates as proof or evidence and is used in similar ways to indicate something that establishes the truth of a claim or fact.

In mathematics, a bevis (proof) is a logical argument that demonstrates why a theorem is true, based on accepted axioms and previously established results. It must be rigorous and deductive, with clearly stated premises, logical steps, and a conclusion. Common proof styles include direct proofs, proofs by contradiction, proofs by contrapositive, and mathematical induction. A bevis differs from a conjecture, which is a claim yet to be proven.

In legal contexts, bevis refers to material presented to establish facts in a case. Bevis can be testimony, documents, physical objects, or digital data. The standard of proof varies by jurisdiction and case type; criminal cases typically require proof beyond a reasonable doubt, while civil matters may rely on a balance of probabilities or preponderance of evidence. Bevis also involves issues such as burden of proof, admissibility, and the evaluation of credibility of sources.

Outside formal domains, bevis is used in everyday language to refer to evidence that supports a claim, such as a bevis of identity, time of occurrence, or event. The concept underpins reasoning across science, law, and ordinary discourse, highlighting the difference between mere assertion and substantiated truth.