betaalaniini

Betaalaniini, also known as beta-alanine, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid with the chemical formula C3H7NO2. Structurally, it is 3-aminopropanoic acid, in which the amino group is attached to the beta carbon of the propionic acid chain, giving NH2-CH2-CH2-COOH. It is not one of the standard 20 proteinogenic amino acids.

Natural occurrence and synthesis: In humans, betaalaniiniini is produced endogenously via pathways that degrade pyrimidines, and small amounts are present in animal and plant foods such as meat and fish. It can also be synthesized in tissues including the liver.

Biological function and metabolism: Beta-alanine is a key precursor for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and, when combined with histidine, forms the dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-histidine) and related compounds such as anserine. Carnosine acts as a pH buffer in muscle and has antioxidant properties. Because of its role in carnosine synthesis, betaalaniiniini is widely used as a dietary supplement to raise muscle carnosine content and potentially improve performance during high-intensity exercise.

Transport and elimination: After ingestion, betaalaniiniini is absorbed in the gut, circulated in the bloodstream, and cleared by the kidneys. Excess intake is primarily excreted in urine.

Safety and regulation: Beta-alanine is considered safe at typical dietary levels. At higher supplemental doses, it can cause transient tingling or paresthesia in some individuals. Individuals with kidney disease or other health concerns should consult a healthcare professional before supplementation.