berkenpollen

Berkenpollen refers to pollen grains produced by birch trees, primarily from species in the genus Betula. In temperate regions, birch pollen is a common aeroallergen and is often detected during the spring months when male catkins release pollen into the atmosphere. The grains are lightweight, typically around 20 micrometers in diameter, and are easily carried by wind.

Birch pollen is produced by wind-pollinated (anemophilous) birch trees. The pollen contains several allergenic proteins, among which Bet v 1 is the major allergen. Sensitization to Bet v 1 can lead to allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and, in some individuals, systemic reactions. There is notable cross-reactivity between birch pollen and certain foods, such as apples, pears, carrots, and nuts, which can trigger oral allergy syndrome in sensitized people.

Pollen release and concentration vary with geographic location, weather, and urban versus rural settings. In many regions, the pollen season begins in late winter or early spring and peaks in mid to late spring, with higher counts during warm, dry, windy days. Climate factors, urban planting choices, and atmospheric conditions influence local pollen levels.

Strategies for those affected include monitoring pollen forecasts, reducing exposure on high-count days, and considering medical approaches such as antihistamines or immunotherapy under medical guidance. Researchers study birch pollen to understand allergen distribution, regional exposure, and cross-reactive food allergies, alongside its ecological role as a plant reproductive unit.