benzonitrila

Benzonitrile is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H5N. It is the simplest aromatic nitrile, consisting of a phenyl group attached to a nitrile group. At room temperature, it is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. Benzonitrile is slightly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents like ethanol and diethyl ether.

The compound can be synthesized through various methods, including the ammoxidation of toluene, a process involving the reaction of toluene with ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst. Another common method is the dehydration of benzamide. Benzonitrile is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various organic chemicals. It is used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. For example, it is a precursor for the synthesis of benzoguanamine, which is used in resins and coatings.

Benzonitrile's reactivity stems from both the aromatic ring and the nitrile group. The nitrile group can undergo hydrolysis to form benzoic acid, reduction to form benzylamine, or addition reactions. The phenyl ring can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Benzonitrile is considered moderately toxic and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions. It is flammable and can cause irritation upon contact with skin or eyes.