bensensulfonsyra

Bensensulfonsyra, also known as benzenesulfonic acid, is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H5SO3H. It is a strong organic acid. In its pure form, it is a white crystalline solid. It is highly soluble in water and ethanol. Bensensulfonsyra is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many other organic compounds, particularly dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals.

The synthesis of bensensulfonsyra is typically achieved through the sulfonation of benzene. This reaction involves treating benzene with concentrated sulfuric acid or oleum (fuming sulfuric acid). The reaction proceeds via an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism, where the sulfur trioxide (SO3) group acts as the electrophile. The reaction conditions, such as temperature and concentration of the sulfonating agent, can influence the yield and purity of the product.

Bensensulfonsyra plays a significant role in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of phenol via the alkali fusion of its sodium salt. This process was historically important for large-scale phenol production. Furthermore, bensensulfonsyra derivatives are employed as surfactants and emulsifiers in various applications, including cleaning products and industrial processes. Its acidity also makes it useful as a catalyst in certain organic reactions.