begrensningerkonstraints

Begrensningerkonstraints is a term used in constraint programming to refer to a family of constraints that explicitly encode bounds or limits on variables or resources. The term combines the Norwegian begrensning (restriction or bound) with the English concept of constraints, and is used in multilingual technical writing to emphasize boundedness in modeling. These constraints specify that certain quantities must lie within predefined ranges or must not exceed capacities.

Formally, begrensningerkonstraints include domain constraints such as x in [a, b], bound inequalities like a ≤ x ≤ b, and capacity constraints such as sum_i w_i x_i ≤ C. They can be hard constraints that must be satisfied or soft constraints where violations incur penalties in an objective function. They interact with objective optimization and with other constraints to define the feasible region.

Modeling and solving approaches rely on bounds propagation and domain filtering. During search, variable domains are pruned using upper and lower bounds, leading to more efficient solving. In linear and integer programming, bounded variables and capacity constraints are common, and specialized solvers exploit these bounds for speed.

Applications include scheduling, where start times are restricted to a window; resource allocation and budgeting, where total usage must not exceed capacity; inventory planning, network design, and product configuration. Begrensningerkonstraints help ensure solutions respect real-world limits and improve predictability of resource consumption.

See also constraint programming, constraint satisfaction problem, bounded optimization, soft constraints, propagation.