bdi

BDI is an acronym that can refer to multiple concepts in different fields. Among the most common are the Baltic Dry Index, an economic shipping indicator, and the Belief-Desire-Intention model, a framework for modeling intelligent autonomous agents in artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) describes a rational agent's mental states as beliefs (information about the world), desires (objectives), and intentions (committed plans). In agent architectures, BDI provides a practical reasoning cycle in which beliefs inform goal selection, desires influence priorities, and intentions guide plan execution. The model was first articulated in philosophy by Michael Bratman and was formalized for computer systems by Rao and Georgeff, among others. BDI-inspired systems are used in distributed and multi-agent domains to achieve adaptive, goal-directed behavior. Critics point to difficulties in fully formalizing deliberation and handling perception-action loops in real time.

Baltic Dry Index describes a composite shipping index published by the Baltic Exchange. It tracks daily rates for chartering dry bulk vessels and serves as a proxy for global trade activity and shipping costs. The index combines rates across three vessel sizes—Capesize, Panamax, and Supramax—to produce a single figure. While not a forecast, it is widely reported as a leading indicator of economic activity and can influence commodity pricing, investment decisions, and policy discussions. The BDI can be volatile, reflecting supply disruptions, demand shifts, and macroeconomic conditions.

Other uses of the acronym exist but are less widely encountered. The two above are the most commonly referenced meanings in recent literature and financial reporting.