bazaltik

Bazaltik is a term used in geology to describe rocks, minerals, or magmas that are derived from or related to basalt. In several languages it functions as an adjective meaning basaltic, or pertaining to basalt.

Basaltic rocks are characterized by mafic composition, typically with low silica content and relatively high magnesium and iron. The common mineral assemblage includes plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, with olivine in more primitive varieties. The lava is relatively low in viscosity, which enables fluid flows that can cover extensive areas and form layered lava plains. Basaltic magmas originate from partial melting of ultramafic mantle rocks and are commonly generated at mid-ocean ridges, hot spots, and certain intraplate volcanism settings. They are classified within the basaltic range into rock types such as basalt, basaltic andesite, and related variants.

Geologically, basalt forms a substantial portion of the oceanic crust and contributes to large igneous provinces on continents. Eruptions of basaltic lava can produce various textures, including fine-grained or glassy varieties when magma crystallizes rapidly. Tachylite is an example of basaltic volcanic glass, formed from rapid cooling of basaltic lava.

In practical terms, basalt is used in several industries. Crushed basalt rock serves as aggregate for road construction and construction fill. Basalt fiber, produced by melting basalt rock and extruding it into fibers, is used in composites for its strength and heat resistance. Basalt-derived products also include insulation materials such as rock wool.