basófílir

Basophils are a type of white blood cell, or leukocyte, that play a role in the immune system. They are granulocytes, meaning their cytoplasm contains granules filled with various chemical mediators. The name "basophil" comes from the fact that these granules stain readily with basic dyes. They are the least common type of granulocyte, typically making up less than 1% of the circulating white blood cell population.

These cells are crucial in the inflammatory response, particularly in allergic reactions. When the body encounters an allergen, such as pollen or certain foods, basophils release potent substances like histamine and heparin from their granules. Histamine is a vasodilator, increasing blood flow to the affected area and contributing to symptoms like redness and swelling. Heparin is an anticoagulant, preventing blood clotting.

Basophils also contain other mediators, including cytokines, which can influence the activity of other immune cells. Their presence is often associated with parasitic infections and certain chronic inflammatory conditions. While their role in acute allergic reactions is well-established, ongoing research continues to explore the full scope of basophil functions in immunity and disease.