barkakýlið

Barkakýlið, also known as the larynx or voice box, is a cartilaginous structure found in the neck of humans and other vertebrates. It plays a crucial role in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. Located at the top of the trachea, the larynx is connected to the hyoid bone above and the trachea below.

The primary functions of the larynx are breathing and vocalization. During respiration, the vocal cords within the larynx remain open, allowing air to pass freely into and out of the lungs. When we speak, sing, or shout, the vocal cords come together and vibrate as air is exhaled, creating sound. The pitch and quality of these sounds are modulated by the tension and length of the vocal cords, as well as the shape of the vocal tract.

Another vital function of the larynx is protecting the airway. The epiglottis, a flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue, acts as a lid over the larynx. During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the opening of the larynx, preventing food and liquid from entering the trachea and lungs, thereby preventing choking or aspiration.

The larynx is composed of several cartilages, including the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple), cricoid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilages. Muscles within and surrounding the larynx control the movement of these cartilages, enabling the complex actions of breathing, vocalization, and airway protection. Conditions affecting the larynx can range from voice hoarseness and laryngitis to more serious issues like vocal cord paralysis or laryngeal cancer.