baptistien

Baptists, or Baptist churches, are a branch of Protestant Christianity characterized by believer's baptism by immersion and a commitment to church autonomy. Central to Baptist faith are the authority of Scripture, the priesthood of all believers, and the practice of two ordinances: baptism and the Lord's Supper. Baptists typically hold to congregational governance, with each local church self-governing and independent, while voluntary associations connect churches for common purposes.

Origins and history: The movement arose in the early 17th century among English Separatists and other reformers. John Smyth and Thomas Helwys are often cited as early leaders; the first Baptist congregations formed in Amsterdam and later in London and elsewhere. The movement spread to North America in the 1630s and 1640s, giving rise to a variety of Baptist groups and conventions that developed distinct theologies and practices in different regions.

Beliefs and practices: Belief in baptism by immersion of believers who have professed faith; baptism is seen as a public testimony rather than a sacrament for infants. The Lord's Supper is observed as a symbolic memorial. Since church authority rests with local congregations, Baptists emphasize voluntary church membership, congregational discernment, and religious liberty, including the separation of church and state.

Organization and diversity: Baptists are a diverse family of churches and associations; there is no one global Baptist authority. National and regional bodies—associations, conventions, and fellowships—coordinate missions, education, and social service. The movement encompasses a wide spectrum of theologies and practices, from more conservative to more progressive strands, in different cultural contexts.

Global presence: Today Baptists form substantial communities worldwide, with large populations in North America, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. They have been influential in education, humanitarian work, and church-related mission efforts, often emphasizing evangelism, social engagement, and the promotion of religious liberty.