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Ballast water management refers to the practices and technologies used to control and treat ballast water, which is seawater taken on board ships to maintain stability and trim. Ballast water can contain a wide variety of organisms, including both beneficial and harmful species. The introduction of non-indigenous species through ballast water has been identified as a significant factor in the spread of invasive species, which can disrupt local ecosystems and economies.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) to address these issues. The convention requires ships to either treat or exchange their ballast water before discharge, depending on the region. Treatment methods include physical, chemical, and biological processes designed to kill or remove harmful organisms.

Ballast water management is crucial for environmental protection and the maintenance of global biodiversity. By implementing effective ballast water management practices, the shipping industry can help prevent the introduction of invasive species and protect marine ecosystems from potential harm.