bacterin
Bacterin is a vaccine preparation made from inactivated (killed) bacteria or their components that is used to induce an immune response against the corresponding bacterial pathogen. Because the organisms are killed, bacterins cannot cause disease but can still stimulate antibody production and cellular responses to target bacterial antigens.
Production: Bacteria are cultured and then inactivated by heat, formaldehyde, phenol, or other chemical methods, and
Uses: Bacterins have been used in both human and veterinary medicine. Examples include whole-cell vaccines against
Advantages and limitations: They carry a favorable safety profile compared with live vaccines but may be less
History: The concept of using killed bacteria to provoke immunity arose with the broader development of inactivated