avskrifter

Avskrifter are verbatim copies of documents produced to preserve content or enable access without handling the original. The term is used in Swedish and Norwegian archival and administrative contexts to denote a faithful reproduction of the wording, punctuation and layout of the source, though minor differences can occur depending on copying methods. An avskrift is typically distinguished from a mere copy by its aim to reproduce the exact text.

Historically, avskrifter were created by hand by clerks, scribes and church or legal officials. They circulated land deeds, church books, court records and other important texts before modern printing and widespread duplication. In archives and libraries, avskrifter allowed researchers to consult sources while protecting fragile originals and ensuring long-term access.

In modern practice avskrifter may be produced by photocopying, scanning or microfilming. When required, an avskrift can be authenticated or certified by an authority to confirm that the copy faithfully represents the original. This certification may enhance its use as evidence in legal or administrative contexts.

Relation to related terms: a kopi is a general copy, while avskrift emphasizes a faithful transcription of the text. A faksimil (facsimile) aims to reproduce the original document’s appearance, including typography and illustrations, whereas avskrift concentrates on the text itself and its accuracy.

See also: transcription, facsimile, archival copy.