avalikõiguse

Avalikõigus is a term originating from Estonian law that translates to "public law". It encompasses the body of rules and principles that govern the relationship between the state and its citizens, as well as the organization and functioning of state institutions. Unlike private law, which deals with the relationships between private individuals, public law primarily concerns the exercise of governmental power and the rights and duties of individuals in relation to the state.

The scope of public law is broad and includes several distinct branches. Constitutional law, for instance, forms the foundation of public law, establishing the fundamental principles of government, the structure of state organs, and the basic rights and freedoms of citizens. Administrative law governs the activities of public administration bodies and the legal framework within which they operate, including their powers, procedures, and accountability. Criminal law, another significant area of public law, defines offenses against society and prescribes punishments. Tax law, which regulates the imposition and collection of taxes, also falls under the umbrella of public law, as it concerns the state's revenue-raising powers and the financial obligations of individuals and entities towards the state.

The primary purpose of public law is to ensure the rule of law, protect public interests, and maintain social order. It seeks to balance the power of the state with the rights of individuals, providing mechanisms for redress when state power is abused. Understanding public law is crucial for citizens to be aware of their rights and responsibilities and for the effective and legitimate operation of the state.