autoclavable

Autoclavable describes materials or objects that can withstand autoclaving, a steam sterilization process that uses saturated steam under pressure to destroy microorganisms. Autoclaving relies on high heat and moisture to achieve sterility, so autoclavable items must tolerate elevated temperatures and humid conditions without deforming, releasing contaminants, or losing function.

Common autoclavable materials include borosilicate glass and stainless steel instruments, silicone, and many polymers such as polypropylene and certain grades of polycarbonate and PTFE. Ceramics and some composites are also autoclavable. Whether a given plastic can be autoclaved depends on its formulation and intended use, as some materials may crack or discolor under heat.

Materials that are not routinely autoclavable include ordinary paper, cardboard, untreated wood, most textiles that trap moisture, polystyrene, and many adhesives or coatings. Thermal shock, deformation, corrosion, or leaching can occur if unsuitable items are autoclaved. Packaging designed for autoclavation, such as sterilization pouches, is often used to keep items sterile after processing.

Typical cycle parameters include a gravity or pre-vacuum steam cycle of about 121°C (250°F) at 15 psi for 15–20 minutes, or 134°C (273°F) at higher pressure for shorter times. Packaging and indicators—chemical indicators and biological indicators—are used to verify sterilization. Standards guiding steam sterilization and regulatory guidelines influence how autoclavable items are tested and labeled.