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AUKUS is a trilateral security partnership established in September 2021 between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The alliance was formed to enhance regional security, particularly in the Indo-Pacific, by addressing shared challenges such as emerging threats from state actors, cybersecurity risks, and the proliferation of advanced military technologies.

The partnership was announced following a meeting between the leaders of the three nations, where they emphasized the need for greater collaboration in defense innovation and technology. A key focus of AUKUS is the development of nuclear-powered submarines for Australia, aiming to modernize its naval capabilities and counter perceived threats from China. The agreement also includes cooperation in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and underwater systems.

Criticism of AUKUS has centered on concerns over nuclear proliferation, as the partnership involves sharing nuclear submarine technology with Australia, which previously relied on conventional submarines. Additionally, the agreement has been seen as a potential breach of a 2015 pact between Australia and France, which had secured a deal for the construction of 12 diesel-electric submarines. France withdrew from the agreement in response, leading to diplomatic tensions.

AUKUS also includes a broader commitment to countering coercion in the Indo-Pacific, promoting a free and open region, and supporting allies facing threats. The partnership has expanded beyond its initial submarine focus, with all three nations collaborating on advanced defense technologies and joint military exercises.

While AUKUS represents a significant shift in defense alliances, its long-term impact remains to be seen. The partnership underscores the growing strategic competition between major powers and highlights the importance of technological and military cooperation in maintaining regional stability.