atomisäiemagnetometri

An atomisäiemagnetometri, often abbreviated as AFM, is a highly sensitive instrument used to measure magnetic fields. It operates based on the principles of atomic physics, specifically utilizing the magnetic properties of alkali metal atoms, typically rubidium or cesium. These atoms are prepared in a specific quantum state, and their interaction with an external magnetic field causes a measurable change in their optical properties.

The core of an AFM involves a vapor cell containing the alkali metal atoms. This vapor is illuminated by a laser beam, which is tuned to a specific atomic resonance. As the laser light passes through the atomic vapor, its polarization is affected by the presence and strength of any external magnetic field. This change in polarization is then detected by a photodetector.

The sensitivity of an atomisäiemagnetometri is exceptionally high, allowing it to detect extremely weak magnetic fields. This makes them invaluable in a variety of applications. They are used in geophysics for surveying mineral deposits and studying the Earth's magnetic field. In archaeology, they can detect buried artifacts by their magnetic signatures. Medical applications include magnetoencephalography (MEG), which measures the magnetic fields produced by brain activity. Furthermore, they find use in fundamental physics research and in non-destructive testing of materials. The inherent stability and low drift of these devices contribute to their widespread adoption in demanding scientific and industrial fields.