atholhu

Atholhu is the Dhivehi word for an atoll—a ring-shaped coral reef island or chain that surrounds a central lagoon. In the Maldives, atholhu refers to the natural atolls that make up the archipelago, as distinct from individual islands or man-made formations. The country’s geography is organized around 26 natural atolls containing hundreds of inhabited and resort islands and numerous sandbanks.

The term atholhu comes from the Dhivehi language, and is used in Maldivian geographic names and administrative designations. Atolls are commonly referred to by both the atoll name and the English “Atoll” designation, such as Kaafu Atoll or Baa Atoll, though the natural boundary may differ from administrative divisions.

Atholhus are formed by coral reefs growing around a subsiding volcanic island or sea floor; over time the island sinks, leaving a ring-shaped reef with a central lagoon. They are typically ring-shaped with one or more channels or passes connecting the lagoon to the open sea, allowing currents and marine life to move.

Most atoll islands are low-lying and small; inhabited islands host villages, while many others are used for tourism or remain uninhabited. Reefs support biodiversity and protection from waves, but are vulnerable to bleaching and sea-level rise, pollution, and overfishing. Some atolls, such as Baa Atoll, are UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.

The atolls form the core of the Maldivian economy, where tourism and fishing are primary industries. Traditional life centers on lagoon fisheries, coconut products, and boat-building; modern resort tourism operates on many islands. The concept of atholhu is central to Maldivian geography and identity.