astrosyyttiset

Astrosyytit are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system of vertebrates. They are the most abundant type of astrocyte in the brain and are star-shaped, with numerous branching processes that extend outward from the cell body. These processes are in close contact with neurons, blood vessels, and other glial cells, forming a complex network throughout the brain.

Astrocytes play a crucial role in maintaining the proper functioning of the central nervous system. They provide structural support to neurons, helping to anchor them in place. Astrocytes also regulate the chemical environment around neurons by taking up and releasing neurotransmitters, thereby influencing synaptic transmission. Furthermore, they are involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, a protective layer that prevents harmful substances from entering the brain.

Another important function of astrocytes is to provide metabolic support to neurons. They can store glycogen and release glucose when needed, ensuring a steady supply of energy for neuronal activity. Astrocytes also contribute to the repair of damaged brain tissue by forming glial scars, which can help to isolate the injured area and prevent further damage.

Recent research has highlighted the active role of astrocytes in neuronal signaling, suggesting they are not merely passive support cells but are integral components of neural circuits. Their involvement in various neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, is also an active area of investigation.