aspluim

Aspluim is a Dutch term used in volcanology and meteorology to describe a plume of volcanic ash and volcanic gases that rises from an eruption into the atmosphere. In English, the phenomenon is commonly referred to as an ash plume. The word aspluim combines as (ash) and pluim (plume).

Formation and characteristics: Ash plumes form when magma shatters during explosive eruptions, ejecting tephra and gas. The plume's height can range from a few kilometers to tens of kilometers, depending on eruption energy and atmospheric conditions. Fine ash particles can remain suspended for long periods and be carried by winds over thousands of kilometers. The composition includes silica-rich ash, volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide, and water vapor.

Observations and response: Satellites, airborne instruments, weather radar, and ground observers detect and track plumes. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers issue advisories to aviation authorities and weather services. Models forecast dispersion and surface impact.

Impact: The ash plume poses hazards to aviation, health, water supply, agriculture, and infrastructure. Exposure can cause respiratory issues; ash can abrade surfaces, contaminate water, and damage engines.

Notable examples: The term is widely used in Dutch-language literature, with famous ash plume events such as the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010 producing widespread disruptions.