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Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also known as aspartate transaminase, is an enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscles, and other tissues. Its primary function is to catalyze the transfer of an amino group from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate, producing glutamate and oxaloacetate. This reaction is a crucial step in the metabolism of amino acids and the production of energy.

Aspartate aminotransferase is a dimeric enzyme, consisting of two identical subunits. Each subunit contains a catalytic site where the amino group transfer occurs. The enzyme is highly specific for its substrates, aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate, and is inhibited by certain compounds, such as pyridoxal phosphate and aminooxyacetate.

Elevated levels of AST in the blood are often indicative of liver or muscle damage. This is because the enzyme is released into the bloodstream when these tissues are damaged. The measurement of AST levels is a common diagnostic tool in medicine, used to assess the health of the liver and muscles.

The normal range for AST levels in the blood varies depending on the laboratory and the method used for measurement. However, a typical range is 10-40 units per liter (U/L) for men and 8-34 U/L for women. Levels above this range may indicate liver or muscle damage, while levels below this range may indicate certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or muscle wasting.

In summary, aspartate aminotransferase is a vital enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and energy production. Its levels in the blood can provide valuable information about the health of the liver and muscles.