asparagiinihappo

Asparagiinihappo, also known as aspartic acid, is an alpha-amino acid with the formula HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. It is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, meaning it is one of the building blocks of proteins found in living organisms. Aspartic acid is classified as a non-essential amino acid in humans, as the body can synthesize it. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, including the urea cycle and the synthesis of other amino acids and nucleotides.

In the central nervous system, aspartic acid functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. It binds to NMDA receptors and AMPA receptors on neurons, influencing synaptic transmission. This excitatory role is important for processes like learning and memory. However, excessive stimulation by aspartic acid can lead to excitotoxicity, a phenomenon where nerve cells are damaged or killed due to overstimulation.

Aspartic acid is also involved in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines, which are essential components of DNA and RNA. It is a precursor in the synthesis of other amino acids such as asparagine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine. Furthermore, it participates in the glyoxylate cycle in plants and microorganisms, which allows them to synthesize carbohydrates from fatty acids. Its presence in various biological processes highlights its fundamental importance in cellular function and metabolism.