arílico

Aryl is a term used in organic chemistry to describe any organic substituent derived from an aromatic ring. An aromatic ring is a planar ring of atoms with delocalized pi electrons in a ring, obeying Hückel's rule. The most common aromatic ring is benzene, with the formula C6H6. When a hydrogen atom is removed from a benzene ring, the remaining group is called a phenyl group, represented by the formula C6H5-. This phenyl group is a type of aryl group.

Other examples of aryl groups include the naphthyl group (derived from naphthalene) and the pyridyl group (derived from pyridine). The term "aryl" is often used in contrast to "alkyl," which refers to substituents derived from saturated hydrocarbon chains. Aryl groups are characterized by their stability due to electron delocalization within the aromatic ring. This stability influences the reactivity and properties of compounds containing aryl substituents.

Aryl groups play a crucial role in a vast array of organic molecules, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers. Their electronic properties can significantly affect the behavior of a molecule, influencing its acidity, basicity, and participation in various chemical reactions. Understanding aryl groups is fundamental to comprehending the structure, synthesis, and function of many complex organic compounds.