arytenoidknorpeln

Arytenoidknorpeln, also known as arytenoid cartilages, are a pair of pyramid-shaped cartilages located at the top of the larynx, posterior to the vocal folds. They are crucial structures in the mechanism of voice production and breathing. Each arytenoid cartilage has three surfaces: an anterior (muscular) surface, a posterior (muscular) surface, and a lateral surface. They articulate with the cricoid cartilage, forming the cricoarytenoid joints, which allow for significant movement.

The primary function of the arytenoid cartilages is to control the tension and position of the vocal folds. Muscles attach to the muscular processes of the arytenoids, enabling them to rotate and slide. This movement is responsible for abducting (moving apart) and adducting (bringing together) the vocal folds. Abduction is essential for quiet breathing, allowing air to pass freely through the glottis. Adduction brings the vocal folds together, which is necessary for phonation (voice production) and also for protecting the airway during swallowing.

Furthermore, the vocal folds themselves attach to the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages. The precise positioning and tension of the vocal folds, controlled by the arytenoid movements, determine the pitch and quality of the voice. Conditions affecting the arytenoid cartilages, such as inflammation or trauma, can lead to voice disorders. They are composed of hyaline cartilage, which can ossify with age.